What is plastids, their structure, functions, discovery and types.

All about plastids, their structure, function, discovery and types are given below:

Chloroplast

# Introduction of plastid.

→ In cytoplasm of plant cell, there are colouring chemicals double membrane bound certain structure are present which are known as plastids. It is discovered and named by Ernst Haeckel, but Andreas Franz Wilhelm Schimper was the first who provide a clear defination of plastid in 1885 AD. It is about 5 micron in diameter and 3 micron in thickness. It contains DNA

*On the basis of colourization, they are classified into three types.

1) Leucoplast

2) chromoplasts, &

3) chloroplast. 

• Leucoplast:-The word 'Leucos' means white. They are colourless plastid found in those parts of plants which are not exposed to sunlight like underground stem and root of plants They are usually involve in storage of various kinds of reserve food materials and named as amyloplasts.

#Function of Leucoplast:

1.It acts as a store house of water. 

• chromoplast:-The word 'chromo' means colored. The plastid which contain colouring pigment except Chlorophyll are chromoplast. They maybe red,orange,yellow. They are generally found in flowers and fruits or other colourful parts of the plants. 

#Function of Chromoplast:

1.It makes flowers & fruits attractive to insects and other animals for pollination.

2.It helps in dispersal of seed. 

•Chloroplast:- 'Chloro' means green. A small green coloured plastid present in green parts of plant and algae are chloroplast.They were first observed by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek in 1679. It contain Chlorophyll which makes the leaf green. It contain Thylakoid ,Grana,stoma,etc

#Functions of Chloroplast

a)The primary function of chloroplasts is to carry out the process of photosynthesis.

b)They also takes place part in protein synthesis in little amount.

c)It provides greenness in the plant body (leaf & stem).

d) They help in the continuity of different types of Ecosystem such as grassland ecosystem, forest ecosystem, etc. It also helps in the continuity of different biogeochemical cycles such as water cycle, oxygen cycle, etc. 

e) It protect us from global warming.